Colon cancer is a major health problem in our country. If discovered early, it can be completely cured by removal of the cancer. Unfortunately, colon cancer can grow without causing any symptoms until it is far advanced. Research has shown that colon cancer arises from abnormal growth of the tissue lining the colon. It usually begins as a colon polyp which can later turn cancerous.
What is a polyp?
A polyp is an abnormal growth of tissue, and can occur in the colon or other organs. There are different types of colon polyps, and not all have the potential to turn into cancer. Hyperplastic polyps are found frequently and are felt to be harmless.
Precancerous polyps are called adenomatous or neoplastic and can be distinguished by a pathologist when tissue samples are examined under a microscope. Although not all of these polyps will grow into cancer, we cannot yet predict which ones might progress. It is easier and safer to remove these colon polyps when they are small. By removing all colon polyps, we should prevent future development of colon cancer.
What happens after your procedure?
Your doctor will tell you of the findings. If polyps were removed, this tissue will be sent to a pathologist for review. You will be notified by mail regarding what type of polyps were found and what type of follow up screening testing may be needed. Because new polyps can form, and tiny ones might be missed, colon polyp patients need to return for regular colon check-ups.
If no polyps were found or if only hyperplastic polyps were found, your screening interval may be 10 years, depending on your family history of colon polyps or colon cancer.
If adenomatous or neoplastic polyps were found, your screening interval may be every 3-5 years.
If cancer was found, you will be referred to a surgeon and your primary doctor will be notified.
If you have a significant family history of colon cancer or polyps, you may need further genetic testing to determine if you or your family members have an increased risk of polyp or cancer development. Please discuss your family history with your doctor.